ISSN: 2278-0793(Print)
2321-3779(Online)
ISSN: 2278-0793(Print)
2321-3779(Online)
Access to adequate housing and basic amenities, such as drinking water and sanitation, is essential for human development. In developing countries, like India, the access is unequally distributed and poor remain deprived of adequate housing facilities. Basic amenities like drinking water, sanitation, electricity and drainage is integral for a decent quality of life. Objective is to access the availability of basic amenities of households among social group of rural and urban areas of Himachal Pradesh. A stratified two-stage sampling design was adopted during the study. First stage sampling, the selection of census village in the rural areas and urban frame survey block in the urban sector. The second stage sampling was selection of the households. The study extracted data for Himachal Pradesh households from the study conducted by NSSO, Government of India. The study shows that the average monthly consumer expenditure for Himachal Pradesh was Rs.8628 where as intra variation district-wise was found between range Rs.12326 and Rs 7123. Una (Rs.12326) reported more expenditure and Mandi (Rs.7123) reported minimum expenditure. Monthly per capita expenditure was Rs.1972, more monthly per-capita expenditure found for Una (Rs.2833) and minimum found for Kinnaur (Rs.1659).Average sample size all districts have 5 members in Family. Septic tank/ flush system (80 %), Tap (86%), open kutcha (32%) and open pucca (27%) and firewood and chips (62%) were the main sources of sanitation, drinking water, drainage system and cooking fuel in Himachal Pradesh. Intra variation of districts shows, Hamirpur (92 %) and Bilaspur (84%), Septic tank/ flush system as main source of sanitation and Covered pucca drainage found in Lahul & Spiti (44%), Tap water found more in Lahul & Spiti (100%) and Kinnaur (100%) and where as Lahul & Spiti (88%) and Bilaspur (80%) showed LPG and Firewood and chips as main source of cooking fuel. Urban(91%), Non Hindu (84%)and Non SC(82%) and richest (94%) and one as well as more than three members family used as septic tank/ flush system as source of latrine. Urban (90%), other category of religion (84%)and each SC and Non SC(86%) and all quintiles has more than 90% and one members family(96%) used as septic tank/ flush system as source of drinking water. Urban (84%) self employed in non agriculture (61%), other (60%), Non SC (36%), Three member family (55%) and richest (66%) used more LPG than rural (21%) as source of cooking fuel respectively. From above results, it concluded that sanitation and drinking water is progressively in all districts of Himachal Pradesh. Government need to frame policy regarding improvement in drainage system, and improve cooking fuel in Himachal Pradesh.
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