ABSTRACT

Environment is our basic life support system. It provides the air we breath, the water we drink, the food we eat and the land where we live. Environment is a French word Environer/Environner it meaning is neighbourhood. Human being interact with the environment and modify it according to their need. Early humans adapted themselves to the natural surroundings. Aperfect balance is necessary between the natural and human environment. Humans must learn to live and use their environment in a harmonious way. [1]

The ecological consequences of  biodiversity loss have aroused considerable interest during the past decade. Larger numbers of species are probably needed to reduce temporal variability in ecosystem process in changing environments. Amajor future challenge is to determine how biodiversity dynamics, ecosystem processes and abiotic factors interact human alteration.of  the global environment has triggered the sixth major extinction event in the history of  life and caused widespread changes in the global distribution of organisms. [2]. These changes in biodiversity alter ecosystem processes & change the ecosystem to environmental change. This has profound consequences for services that humans derive  from ecosystems. The large ecological & minimized to preserve options for future solutions to global environmental problems. [3]

We investigated the relationship between plant nitrogen limitation & water availability in dryland ecosystems. We tested the hypothesis that at lower levels of annual precipitation. Using a literative survey of fertilization experiments in arid, semi-arid and sub humid ecosystems, we investigated geographic gradients, as well as across year to year variation in precipitation with in sites. [4]

 Level processes such as primary production and nutrient cycling. We evaluated the effects of plant functional group richness on seasonal patters of soil nitrogen & phosphorus cycling. We conducted plant species removals air temperature manipulations and vegetation and soil transplants in tundra communities to determine the relative importance of vegetation in controlling ecosystem. The relative effects of plant richness and composition on primary productivity & soil nitrogen pools were tested experimentally. Change in the abundance of species especially those that influence water & nutrient dynamics tropic interactions or disturbance affect the structure & functioning of ecosystems. Diversity is also important because it increase the probability of including species that have strong ecosystem and it can increase the efficiency of resources use. Current global environmental changes that affect species composition & diversity are therefore profoundly altering the functioning of the biosphere. [5]